Cover: The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

German Research Foundation – Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area
(MAK Commission)

ISSN 2509-2383



Edelmetalle – Bestimmung von Gold, Silber, Platin, Rhodium und Iridium in Urin mittels ICP-SF-MS oder ICP-Q-MS

Biomonitoring-Methode

Bernhard Michalke1 (Methodenentwicklung)
Katharina Blümlein2 (Methodenprüfung)
Thorben Schirmer2 (Methodenprüfung)
Petra Krystek3 (Methodenprüfung)
Robin de Kruijff3 (Methodenprüfung)
Esther Spruit3 (Methodenprüfung)
Mehmet Sarilar3 (Methodenprüfung)
  Thomas Göen4 (Leitung der Arbeitsgruppe „Analysen in biologischem Material“ der Ständigen Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
  Andrea Hartwig5 (Vorsitz der Ständigen Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
  MAK Commission6

1 Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Abteilung Analytische BioGeoChemie, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Deutschland
2 Fraunhofer Institut für Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin (ITEM), Arbeitsgruppe Bio- und Umweltanalytik, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Deutschland
3 Technische Universität Delft, Reaktorinstitut, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, Niederlande
4 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Henkestraße 9–11, 91054 Erlangen, Deutschland
5 Institut für Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Geb. 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
6 Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Kennedyallee 40, 53175 Bonn, Deutschland

Abstract

The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) developed and verified the presented biomonitoring method for the determination of urinary concentrations of gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, and iridium using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma–sector-field mass spectrometry (ICP‑SF‑MS) or inductively coupled plasma‑single quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP‑Q‑MS). The aim of this work was to establish a reliable, selective and sensitive method which is suitable for routine analysis in laboratories with high sample throughput. The method is characterised by diluting the urine samples 1 ∶ 5 (v/v) with 10% aqua regia, addition of terbium as internal standard, and determination of the concentrations of the respective precious metals by ICP‑SF‑MS or ICP‑Q‑MS. The procedure has been comprehensively validated by ICP‑SF‑MS, and the reliability data have been confirmed by replication and verification of the procedure in a second, independent laboratory using ICP‑Q‑MS. Quantitative evaluation is carried out via external calibration using precious-metal standards diluted with 10% aqua regia. The good precision and accuracy data show that the method provides reliable and accurate analytical results. The method is both selective and sensitive, and the limits of quantitation of 12.3–18.5 ng/l urine (ICP‑SF‑MS) or of 12.5 ng/l urine (ICP‑Q‑MS) are sufficient to determine occupational exposure to gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, and iridium and, in single cases, also exposure in the general population.


Keywords

precious metals, gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, iridium, biomonitoring, urine, ICP-SF-MS, ICP-MS