Probenahme und Bestimmung von Aerosolen und deren Inhaltsstoffen – Bestimmung von metallhaltigen Staubinhaltsstoffen
Luftanalysen-Methoden, Konzeptionelle Themen
Katrin Pitzke1Dietmar Breuer1
Ralph Hebisch2
Michael Kirchner3
Claus‐Peter Maschmeier4
Markus Mattenklott1
Anna Laura Schmitz2
Claudia Schuh5
Tobias Schwank1
Ralf Sonnenburg6
Kurt Timm7
Andrea Hartwig8
MAK Commission9
1 Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA), Alte Heerstraße 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Deutschland
2 Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1–25, 44149 Dortmund, Deutschland
3 Institut für Gefahrstoff-Forschung der Berufsgenossenschaft Rohstoffe und chemische Industrie, Institut an der Ruhr‐Universität‐Bochum, Waldring 97, 44789 Bochum, Deutschland
4 Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz Sachsen‐Anhalt, Kühnauer Straße 70, 06846 Dessau‐Roßlau, Deutschland
5 Berufsgenossenschaft Nahrungsmittel und Gastgewerbe, Dynamostraße 7–11, 68165 Mannheim, Deutschland
6 K-SG-A Arbeitsschutz / Sicherheitschemie, Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft, Brieffach 011/14260, 38436 Wolfsburg, Deutschland
7 Berufsgenossenschaft Rohstoffe und chemische Industrie, Fachbereich Gefahrstoffe und biologische Arbeitsstoffe, Labor Leuna, Rudolf‐Breitscheid‐Straße 18, Geb. E, 06237 Leuna, Deutschland
8 Institut für Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Geb. 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
9 Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Kennedyallee 40, 53175 Bonn, Deutschland
Abstract
In addition to the gravimetric determination of airborne particles (total concentration), it is often necessary to selectively determine metals and their compounds in particle fractions because of their toxicological relevance. Usually, the total metal concentration is determined independently of the type of binding or oxidation state in a sample. From an occupational medical and toxicological point of view it makes sense to distinguish between different compounds of a metal, because type and extent of the toxic effect of metals depend considerably on their binding type and their solubility in the human body. In addition to the limit values of the respirable and inhalable particle fraction that must be complied, many metals have an OEL (occupational exposure limit) or MAK value that has to be checked and complied too. For cancerogenic compounds the exposure‐risk relationship has to be considered. Analysis for metals and their compounds predominantly resorts to methods, which require that the dust particle sample is brought into solution. That means the metals and their compounds contained in the sample need to be extracted, dissolved or digested. Aim of the sample preparation is the complete solution of all relevant substances to be analysed. Common digestion methods are for example acid digestion, which uses an acid mixture to digest the sample, and the suspension method, in which acetone is used to suspend the sample. An alternative sample preparation method is the microwave‐assisted pressure digestion with acid/acid mixture. In this chapter the different digestion methods are presented, discussed and compared, taking into account recent developments, in particular microwave‐assisted digestion.
