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    9. Addendum zu Blei und seine Verbindungen (außer Bleiarsenat, Bleichromat und Alkylbleiverbindungen). Beurteilungswerte in biologischem Material
Cover: The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe (MAK-Kommission)

ISSN 2509-2383



Addendum zu Blei und seine Verbindungen (außer Bleiarsenat, Bleichromat und Alkylbleiverbindungen)

Beurteilungswerte in biologischem Material

Hermann Maximilian Bolt1
  Hans Drexler2
  Andrea Hartwig3
  MAK Commission4

1 Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, Ardeystraße 67, 44139 Dortmund, Deutschland
2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Henkestraße 9–11, 91054 Erlangen, Deutschland
3 Institut für Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Geb. 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
4 Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Kennedyallee 40, 53175 Bonn, Deutschland

Abstract

In 2018 the German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area re‐evaluated lead and its compounds and has derived a biological guidance value at the workplace (BLW) for the blood concentration of lead. Available publications are described in detail. The re‐evaluation is entirely based on studies in humans. The following critical health effects were considered: effects on heme synthesis, behavioural toxicity/neurotoxicity, male fertility, developmental toxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular effects, genotoxicity/carcinogenicity.

Effects on neurobehaviour and nephrotoxicity have been described at blood levels around 300 µg Pb/l and higher. Therefore, a BLW of 200 µg Pb/l blood has been deduced. As investigations of lead‐exposed workers show no statistical increase in lymphocyte micronuclei at this blood level, it is reasonably expected that the proposed BLW will also minimize a lead‐induced genotoxic/carcinogenic risk.

For women a Biological Reference Value (BAR) of 70 µg Pb/l blood is proposed, based on the 95th percentile of lead blood levels of the general population in Germany.

Because of the long persistence of lead in the body, the sampling time is not fixed.

Keywords

Blei, anorganische Bleiverbindungen, Biologischer Leitwert, BLW