<!--Document conversion from .docx to initial jats xml with word2xml--><article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xml:lang="de" dtd-version="1.3" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">10.34865</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">MAK Collect Occup Health Saf</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="editor">
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <collab>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</collab>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <collab-alternatives>
            <collab xml:lang="en">Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission)</collab>
            <collab xml:lang="de">Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe (MAK-Kommission)</collab>
          </collab-alternatives>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic" pub-type="epub">2509-2383</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>German Medical Science (GMS) gGmbH</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Düsseldorf, Germany<uri>http://www.e-gms.org/</uri></publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>PUBLISSO</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Cologne, Germany<uri>https://www.publisso.de/</uri></publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi" xml:base="https://doi.org/" assigning-authority="DataCite">10.34865/bihsgcdgt10_3or</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="category" xml:lang="de">
          <subject id="bi">Biomonitoring-Methoden</subject>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="subcategory">
            <subject>Generelle Themen</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="category" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Biomonitoring Methods</subject>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="subcategory">
            <subject>General Topics</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="library-classifications" xml:lang="en">
          <subject vocab="Dewey Decimal" vocab-term="Analytical chemistry" vocab-term-identifier="543">Analytical chemistry</subject>
          <subject vocab="Dewey Decimal" vocab-term="Toxicology" vocab-term-identifier="571.95">Toxicology</subject>
          <subject vocab="Dewey Decimal" vocab-term="Industrial and occupational medicine" vocab-term-identifier="616.9803">Industrial and occupational medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="library-classifications" xml:lang="de">
          <subject vocab="Dewey Decimal" vocab-term="Analytische Chemie" vocab-term-identifier="543">Analytische Chemie</subject>
          <subject vocab="Dewey Decimal" vocab-term="Toxikologie" vocab-term-identifier="571.95">Toxikologie</subject>
          <subject vocab="Dewey Decimal" vocab-term="Betriebs- und Arbeitsmedizin" vocab-term-identifier="616.9803">Betriebs- und Arbeitsmedizin</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Die gaschromatographische Dampfraumanalyse im Human-Biomonitoring (Headspace-Gaschromatographie)</article-title>
        <subtitle>Biomonitoring-Methoden, Konzeptionelle Themen</subtitle>
        <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Biomonitoring-Methoden – Headspace-GC</alt-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bader</surname>
            <given-names>Michael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Roßbach</surname>
            <given-names>Bernd</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="corr1">
          <name>
            <surname>Göen</surname>
            <given-names>Thomas</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>thomas.goeen@fau.de</email>
          <role specific-use="aff_3">Leitung der Arbeitsgruppe „Analysen in biologischem Material“ der Ständigen Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Eckert</surname>
            <given-names>Elisabeth</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schäferhenrich</surname>
            <given-names>Anja</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nübler</surname>
            <given-names>Stefanie</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gries</surname>
            <given-names>Wolfgang</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Leng</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriele</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Van Pul</surname>
            <given-names>Jan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_6">6</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Will</surname>
            <given-names>Wolfgang</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="corr2">
          <name>
            <surname>Hartwig</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>andrea.hartwig@kit.edu</email>
          <role specific-use="aff_7">Vorsitz der Ständigen Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_7">7</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="corr3">
          <collab collab-type="authors">MAK Commission</collab>
          <email>arbeitsstoffkommission@dfg.de</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff_8">8</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff_1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>BASF SE, Corporate Health Management</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Carl-Bosch-Straße 38</addr-line>
        <postal-code>67056</postal-code>
        <city>Ludwigshafen</city>
        <country country="DE">Deutschland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff_2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67</addr-line>
        <postal-code>55131</postal-code>
        <city>Mainz</city>
        <country country="DE">Deutschland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff_3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Henkestraße 9–11</addr-line>
        <postal-code>91054</postal-code>
        <city>Erlangen</city>
        <country country="DE">Deutschland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff_4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Henkestraße 9–11</addr-line>
        <postal-code>91054</postal-code>
        <city>Erlangen</city>
        <country country="DE">Deutschland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff_5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>Currenta GmbH &amp; Co. OHG, CUR-SIT-SER-GS-BLM Institut für Biomonitoring</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Chempark, Geb. Q18</addr-line>
        <postal-code>51368</postal-code>
        <city>Leverkusen</city>
        <country country="DE">Deutschland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff_6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>BASF Antwerpen N.V.</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Haven 725, Scheldelaan 600</addr-line>
        <postal-code>2040</postal-code>
        <city>Antwerpen</city>
        <country country="BE">Belgien</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff_7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>Institut für Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Adenauerring 20a, Geb. 50.41</addr-line>
        <postal-code>76131</postal-code>
        <city>Karlsruhe</city>
        <country country="DE">Deutschland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff_8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
        <addr-line>Kennedyallee 40</addr-line>
        <postal-code>53175</postal-code>
        <city>Bonn</city>
        <country country="DE">Deutschland</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement" xml:lang="de">
          <p>Die in der Kommission etablierten Regelungen und Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Interessenkonflikten (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.dfg.de/mak/interessenkonflikte">www.dfg.de/mak/interessenkonflikte</ext-link>) stellen sicher, dass die Inhalte und Schlussfolgerungen der Publikation ausschließlich wissenschaftliche Aspekte berücksichtigen.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>10</volume>
      <volume-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.34865_10</volume-id>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>Doc056</elocation-id>
      <pub-history>
        <event event-type="completed">
          <event-desc>Manuskript abgeschlossen: <date iso-8601-date="2023-11-16" date-type="completed"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></event-desc>
        </event>
      </pub-history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de" xml:lang="de">
          <license-p>Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer <ext-link ext-link-type="license" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz</ext-link></license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access"  xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a <ext-link ext-link-type="license" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ext-link>.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) describes the current status of headspace-gas chromatography with respect to its potential applications in human biomonitoring. Particular focus is given to the review and discussion of newly developed methods for headspace sample collection as well as analyte enrichment. The article gives an overview on internationally published headspace methods for the matrices urine, blood, serum and plasma, existing assessment values for headspace parameters, background exposure levels in the non-occupationally exposed general population as well as half-lives of the most prominent hazardous substances measurable by headspace analysis. In addition, critical requirements for and possible pitfalls of the preanalytical phase and of the calibration of headspace methods are also discussed. The review shows that headspace methods have been continuously improved in recent decades and thus continue to make an important contribution to human biomonitoring of occupational and environmental exposure to volatile hazardous compounds.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="displayed" xml:lang="de">
        <kwd>Headspace-Gaschromatographie</kwd>
        <kwd>HS-GC</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomonitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>Urin</kwd>
        <kwd>Blut</kwd>
        <kwd>Serum</kwd>
        <kwd>Plasma</kwd>
		<nested-kwd>
			<kwd>Headspace</kwd>
			<kwd content-type="synonym">Head-space</kwd>
		</nested-kwd>
        <kwd>Headspace-Technik</kwd>
        <kwd>Halbwertszeit</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="displayed" xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>headspace gas chromatography</kwd>
        <kwd>HS-GC</kwd>
        <kwd>biomonitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>urine</kwd>
        <kwd>blood</kwd>
        <kwd>serum</kwd>
        <kwd>plasma</kwd>
		<nested-kwd>
			<kwd>headspace</kwd>
			<kwd content-type="synonym">head-space</kwd>
		</nested-kwd>
        <kwd>headspace technique</kwd>
        <kwd>half-life</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="undisplayed" xml:lang="de">
        <kwd>Humanbiomonitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>HBM</kwd>
        <kwd>biologisches Monitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>Arbeitnehmer</kwd>
        <kwd>Arbeiter</kwd>
        <kwd>Allgemeinbevölkerung</kwd>
        <kwd>Arbeitsplatz</kwd>
        <kwd>Arbeitsplatzbelastung</kwd>
        <kwd>Hintergrundbelastung</kwd>
        <kwd>Umweltbelastung</kwd>
        <kwd>Methode</kwd>
        <kwd>Analysenmethode</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomonitoringmethode</kwd>
        <kwd>Vergiftung</kwd>
        <kwd>Intoxikation</kwd>
        <kwd>Analysen in biologischem Material</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="undisplayed" xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>human biomonitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>HBM</kwd>
        <kwd>biological monitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>employee</kwd>
        <kwd>worker</kwd>
        <kwd>general population</kwd>
        <kwd>workplace</kwd>
        <kwd>workplace exposure</kwd>
        <kwd>background exposure</kwd>
        <kwd>environmental exposure</kwd>
        <kwd>method</kwd>
        <kwd>analytical method</kwd>
        <kwd>biomonitoring method</kwd>
        <kwd>poisoning</kwd>
        <kwd>intoxication</kwd>
        <kwd>Analyses in Biological Materials</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    <custom-meta-group><custom-meta specific-use="citation-note"><meta-name>citation-note</meta-name><meta-value>Bader M, Roßbach B, Göen T, Eckert E, Schäferhenrich A, Nübler S, Gries W, Leng G, Van Pul J, Will W, Hartwig A, MAK Commission. Die gaschromatographische Dampfraumanalyse im Human-Biomonitoring (Headspace-Gaschromatographie). Biomonitoring-Methoden, Konzeptionelle Themen. MAK Collect Occup Health Saf. 2025 Sep;10(3):Doc056. <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.34865/bihsgcdgt10_3or">https://doi.org/10.34865/bihsgcdgt10_3or</ext-link></meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta specific-use="RIS"><meta-name>ris-format</meta-name><meta-value>TY - JOUR
AU - Bader, Michael
AU - Roßbach, Bernd
AU - Göen, Thomas
AU - Eckert, Elisabeth
AU - Schäferhenrich, Anja
AU - Nübler, Stefanie
AU - Gries, Wolfgang
AU - Leng, Gabriele
AU - Van Pul, Jan
AU - Will, Wolfgang
AU - Hartwig, Andrea
AU - MAK Commission
T2 - The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety
PY - 2025/09/29
DA - 2025/09/29
DO - 10.34865/bihsgcdgt10_3or
DP - DOI.org (Datacite)
T1 - Die gaschromatographische Dampfraumanalyse im Human-Biomonitoring (Headspace-Gaschromatographie). Biomonitoring-Methoden, Konzeptionelle Themen
UR - https://doi.org/10.34865/bihsgcdgt10_3or
VL - 10
IS - 3
SP - Doc056
SN - 2509-2383
J2 - MAK Collect Occup Health Saf 
UR - https://doi.org/10.34865/bihsgcdgt10_3or
ER - </meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
  </front>
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</article>