TY  - CHAP
T1  - Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections: definitions and risk factors
T2  - Urogenital Infections and Inflammations
AU  - Cai, Tommaso
ED  - Naber, Kurt G.
AD  - Prof. Tommaso Cai MD, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Dept. of Urology, Largo Medaglie d'Oro, 9 - Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy, Phone: +393339864943, E-mail: ktommy@libero.it
N2  - Introduction: Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) have a high impact on patients’ quality of life and high direct and indirect costs for public health. Therefore, optimal management should be of high priority. Methods: Current international guidelines were reviewed, and a systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase. Results: Several risks factors have been identified and used in everyday clinical practice to plan the correct strategy for recurrence prevention. Among all factors, the most important are: sexual intercourse, spermicide use, having a new sex partner, having a mother with a history of UTI, having had UTI during childhood, and asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment. Moreover, other risk factors such as reduced fluid intake, habitual and post-coital delayed urination, wiping from back to front after defecation, douching and wearing occlusive underwear, as well as irregular bowel function should be taken into account. Conclusions: Recurrent UTI show a high impact on clinical practice. Risk factors are generally related to both virulence of pathogens and patient’s behavior or condition. A recently developed nomogram can assist in identifying women at high risk of symptomatic recurrence that can be suitable candidates for a prophylactic strategy. 
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/05/27
DO  - 10.5680/lhuii000064
LA  - en
L1  - https://series.publisso.de/en/system/getFile/697
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.5680/lhuii000064
L2  - https://dx.doi.org/10.5680/lhuii000064
KW  - urinary tract infections
KW  - prophylaxis
KW  - antibiotics
KW  - quality of life
KW  - risk factors
PB  - German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
CY  - Berlin
ER  -